Bug fixes and minor code contributions of fewer than 10 lines are exempt. Newer versions of the documentation use the GNU Free Documentation License with "invariant sections" that require the inclusion of the same documents and that the manuals proclaim themselves as GNU Manuals.įor GNU Emacs, like many other GNU packages, it remains policy to accept significant code contributions only if the copyright holder executes a suitable disclaimer or assignment of their copyright interest to the Free Software Foundation. The XEmacs manuals, which were inherited from older GNU Emacs manuals when the fork occurred, have the same license. In the GNU Emacs user's manual, for example, this included instructions for obtaining GNU Emacs and Richard Stallman's essay The GNU Manifesto. Older versions of the GNU Emacs documentation appeared under an ad-hoc license that required the inclusion of certain text in any modified copy. The terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) state that the Emacs source code, including both the C and Emacs Lisp components, are freely available for examination, modification, and redistribution. Wiegley was joined by Eli Zaretskii in July, 2016, and Lars Ingebrigtsen in September, 2020. Longtime contributor John Wiegley was announced as the new maintainer on November 5, 2015. On SeptemMonnier announced that he would be stepping down as maintainer effective with the feature freeze of Emacs 25. Stefan Monnier and Chong Yidong have overseen maintenance since 2008. Richard Stallman has remained the principal maintainer of GNU Emacs, but he has stepped back from the role at times. Development took place in a single CVS trunk until 2008, and today uses the Git DVCS. The project has since adopted a public development mailing list and anonymous CVS access. Īlthough users commonly submitted patches and Elisp code to the net.emacs newsgroup, participation in GNU Emacs development was relatively restricted until 1999, and was used as an example of the "Cathedral" development style in The Cathedral and the Bazaar. Markus Hess exploited a security flaw in GNU Emacs's email subsystem in his 1986 cracking spree, in which he gained superuser access to Unix computers. It offered more features than Gosling Emacs, in particular a full-featured Lisp as its extension language, and soon replaced Gosling Emacs as the de facto Unix Emacs editor. GNU Emacs was later ported to the Unix operating system. In the current numbering scheme, a number with two components signifies a release version, with development versions having three components. A new third version number was added to represent changes made by user sites. The "1" was dropped after version 1.12 as it was thought that the major number would never change, and thus the major version skipped from "1" to "13". Early versions of GNU Emacs were numbered as "1.x.x," with the initial digit denoting the version of the C core. The first widely distributed version of GNU Emacs was version 15.34, released later in 1985. Version 13, the first public release, was made on March 20, 1985. GNU Emacs is written in C and provides Emacs Lisp, also implemented in C, as an extension language. This became the first program released by the nascent GNU Project. GNU Emacs was initially based on Gosling Emacs, but Stallman's replacement of its Mocklisp interpreter with a true Lisp interpreter required that nearly all of its code be rewritten. In 1976, Stallman wrote the first Emacs (“Editor MACroS”), and in 1984, began work on GNU Emacs, to produce a free software alternative to the proprietary Gosling Emacs. It’s the same command as killing to the end of a sentence, but with a zero argument.Richard Stallman, founder of the GNU Project and author of GNU Emacs The command for killing to the beginning of a sentence is just odd. As usual, the control command is for basic units (characters) and the meta command is for context-dependent units (words). M-DEL kills backward a word, and C-x DEL kills backward a sentence.Ĭ-d deletes the character in front of the cursor, and M-d kills the word in front of the cursor (or to the end of the word the cursor is in). The DEL key deletes backward a character. The commands for kill to the end of a line and end of a sentence follow the usual pattern: control commands for lines, corresponding meta command for sentences. They are like irregular verbs in the Emacs grammar. These commands are not as symmetric as the commands for cursor movement. (You can select the region by using C-SPACE at one end and then moving the point (cursor) to the other end.) But there are more convenient commands for killing common units of text.Īlso, you can kill an entire line with C-SHIFT-DEL. The most general way to cut a chunk of text is to select the text as a region and then use C-w. Emacs uses the term “kill” for what most people call “cut.” It keeps a “kill ring,” a history of kills, similar to what most people call a “clipboard.”
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |